State immunity in English courts: section 5 and the exceptions explained
How the State Immunity Act 1978 works, the exceptions litigators actually use, and where section 5 now sits after the Supreme Court's spyware ruling in Bahrain v Shehabi.
How the State Immunity Act 1978 works, the exceptions litigators actually use, and where section 5 now sits after the Supreme Court's spyware ruling in Bahrain v Shehabi.
Two Court of Appeal rulings in Sucden v TMT Metals [2026] EWCA Civ 1080 confirm the tort gateways for nickel fraud claims and order the defence served despite…
A practical guide to serving out of the jurisdiction: the PD 6B gateways, merits and forum requirements, a step-by-step checklist and the tactical lessons of Sucden v TMT…
In CYK v Davis [2026] EWHC 2093 (Ch), HHJ Johns KC refused to strike out a £20m negligence counterclaim for warehousing but struck out a bankrupt co-defendant's counterclaim.
A checklist for the solvent party when a litigant goes bankrupt: section 306 vesting, sufficient interest after CYK v Davis, dealing with the trustee, partnership-asset arguments and timing.
An explainer on warehousing claims: Grovit v Doctor, the two-stage Asturion approach, what CYK v Davis adds on counterclaims, and the practical steps that keep a stalled claim…
The iniquity exception prevents privilege attaching to communications furthering fraud or underhand conduct. Bourlakova and Pliego now mark where legitimate investigation ends and where instructing agents costs a…
The iniquity exception does not bite merely because a claimant instructed enquiry agents who ended up holding the other side's confidential material, Richards J held in Bourlakova.
CPR 27.14(2)(g) allows a costs order on the small claims track for unreasonable behaviour. After Orton v Barclays the exception must be read narrowly, because the track is…